Resumen
La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) tiene una alta incidencia con 2,7 millones de casos reportados en el 2010. La Neuropatía Sensitiva Distal Periférica (NSDP) es la enfermedad del sistema nervioso periférico más común por la infección por VIH. Esta entidad característicamente dolorosa puede presentarse asociada directamente con la infección: polineuropatía distal simétrica (PDS) o de manera secundaria a la neurotoxicidad de algunos agentes antirretrovirales: neuropatía toxica antirretroviral (NTA). Para explicar su fisiopatología se han propuesto varias hipótesis; la más recientemente aceptada sugiere que existe un grado de sinergia entre NTA y PDS, con mecanismos inflamatorios en común. Otros mecanismos propuestos son la disfunción mitocondrial por depleción de la polimerasa gamma mitocondrial, el déficit de creatina y la toxicidad directa de proteínas del virus, especialmente la glicoproteína 120. Se requieren futuras investigaciones que permitan el desarrollo de nuevas acciones terapéuticas para el manejo y tratamiento de la NSDP.
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