Resumen
La trombosis de senos venosos cerebrales (TSVC) es una patología poco común del sistema nervioso central, con una mortalidad cercana al 9%. El manejo de esta enfermedad es usualmente médico. Algunos eventos de TSVC pueden tomar un curso maligno en los casos donde la presión intracraneana aumenta excesivamente. Este aumento de la presión intracraneana puede deberse a edema del tejido cerebral por el impedimento del retorno venoso y en ocasiones se asocia a hemorragia intracerebral. Se ha visto una evolución favorable cuando se realizan diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos. Se han descrito varias técnicas de manejo endovascular que han ayudado a mejorar el flujo venoso en esta patología; sin embargo, hasta el momento sólo son pequeñas series de casos, sin evidencia suficiente para recomendarla de rutina. La mayoría de los médicos no tienen muy claro el papel con el cual interviene el neurocirujano en el manejo de la TSVC. Hay diferentes procedimientos quirúrgicos que se deben tener en cuenta, entre los cuales se encuentra la craniectomía descompresiva, cuando existe hipertensión endocraneana severa o maligna, siendo ésta la única opción terapéutica para reducir la morbimortalidad.
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