Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency with an incidence of 20/100.000 habitants and a mortality rate ranging from 3% to 40% that depends on: the etiology, status type and duration.
The pathophysiology of SE is not completely understood nowadays and a single mechanism is unlikely to cause it; what seems clear is the involvement of the limbic system as a fundamental structure in the development and maintenance of SE.
The key elements of the development of SE include an imbalance between neuronal excitability and inhibition with impaired communication resulting in hypersynchrony of neuronal populations. A better understanding of these mechanisms could prevent the development of difficult control status epilepticus (SE), and its consequences such as brain damage, epileptogenesis, and even death.
This review discusses the pathophysiological descriptions of status epilepticus in the context of best evidence available currently.
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