Resumen
La hidrocefalia de presión normal (HPN) afecta a una gran proporción de la población anciana. En Colombia, se calcula que 10.000 personas podrían estar afectadas. Los síntomas de alteración en la marcha y caídas, urgencia e incontinencia urinaria y alteración cognoscitiva y demencia enfatizan la sospecha de HPN pero no son suficientes para el diagnóstico ya que muchas enfermedades en los ancianos tienen estos mismos síntomas. Además de la demostración del ensanchamiento de los ventrículos por TAC de cráneo o RM, es necesario realizar pruebas espe- cíficas para la HPN. Los centros de remisión casi siempre usan métodos especializados tales como la medición de flujo de LCR o el drenaje lumbar externo de LCR para realizar el diagnóstico; sin embargo en otras instituciones los médicos pueden identificar los pacientes con HPN y recomendarles el tratamiento evaluando la respuesta clínica a través de la punción lumbar evacuatoria. El tratamiento de la HPN con derivación ofrece como resultado una mejoría notoria de los síntomas, incluyendo la demencia. Por lo tanto, la HPN es un desorden que debe ser considerado para muchos pacientes ancianos de acuerdo a su historia, sintomatología, hallazgos neurologicos y hallazgos imagenológicos en la TAC o en la RM.
Citas
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