Resumen
Introducción: la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) se ha definido tradicionalmente por síntomas motores como bradicinesia, rigidez y temblores. Sin embargo, los síntomas no motores (SNM) son reconocidos actualmente como contribuyentes centrales a la discapacidad, a menudo precediendo al inicio motor y permaneciendo infradiagnosticados.
Materiales y métodos: esta revisión narrativa se basa en un análisis focalizado de la literatura sobre los síntomas no motores en la enfermedad de Parkinson, abarcando aspectos neuropsiquiátricos, cognitivos, sensoriales, del sueño y del sistema nervioso autónomo. Se seleccionaron artículos por su relevancia clínica y aportes sobre la fisiopatología.
Resultados: la literatura revisada indica que los síntomas no motores son altamente prevalentes y tienen un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson. Estos síntomas suelen correlacionarse con la progresión de la enfermedad y las fluctuaciones motoras. Se han descrito diversas estrategias de manejo, aunque el subdiagnóstico persiste debido a la escasa evaluación sistemática en la práctica clínica habitual.
Conclusiones: la identificación temprana y el tratamiento específico de los síntomas no motores son fundamentales para optimizar los resultados clínicos, mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente y reducir la carga para el sistema de salud. Se requiere una evaluación clínica integral y un enfoque multidisciplinario para abordar estas manifestaciones complejas.
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