Abstract
The aim of this article is to review from a biological perspective and commitment of smell clinic for neurological deficit after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), to sensitize the scientific community about the importance of the relationship between this deficit and its impact on daily life.
Narrative review of topic biological, physiological and clinical over the impact on the daily lives of smell bases. Search strategy in databases.
The olfactory system is an essential part of human physiology and plays a critical role in the health and behavior, so its disruption leads to impairment in quality of life of patients, who also have physical and / or psychological consequences. The smell rehabilitation options are scarce or nonexistent, and there is little literature clinically derived from sub diagnosis; plus biological complexity for the evaluation, diagnosis and rehabilitation of smell back to neurological damage and / or otorhinolaryngology pathology difficult management strategies. Neurological rehabilitation processes of smell is an issue of potential development it requires partnership between the basic and clinical neurosciences.
References
LUCENA J, SUBIRANA M, PLANCHAT L, CUQUERELLA A. Valoración médico-forense del daño cerebral traumático. Rev Esp Neuropsicol. 2001;3(1-2):95-130.
DAN L. LONGO, ANTHONY S. FAUCI, DENNIS L. KASPER, STEPHEN L. HAUSER, J. LARRY JAMESON, JOSEPH LOSCALZO. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine [Internet]. 18th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2005. Available from: http://64.76.85.197:2594/content.aspx?aID=9096912&searchStr=smell+perception#9096912.
ALLAN H. ROPPER, MARTIN A. SAMUELS. Epilepsy and disorders of consciousness. In: Adams & Victor's Principles of Neurology [Internet]. 9th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2005. p. 271. Available from: http://64.76.85.197:2594/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=54.
ANTHONY L. MESCHER. Junqueira's Basic Histology: Text and Atlas. In: Junqueira's Basic Histology: Text and Atlas [Internet]. McGraw-Hill; 2010. Available from: http://64.76.85.197:2594/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=15.
FUSARI A, MOLINA J A. Olfato, envejecimiento fisiológico y enfermedades neurodegenerativas: I. Anatomía y exploración clínica. Rev Neurol. 2009; 49(6):321-26.
PARMA V, STRAULINO E, ZANATTO D, CANTAGALLO A, TIRINDELLI R, CASTIELLO U. Implicit olfactory abilities in traumatic brain injured patients. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2012;34(9):977-88.
GIZA CC, HOVDA DA. The new neurometabolic cascade of concussion. Neurosurgery. 2014;75, Suppl 4:S24-33.
GUDZIOL V, HOENCK I, LANDIS B, PODLESEK D, BAYN M, HUMMEL T. The impact and prospect of traumatic brain injury on olfactory function: a cross-sectional and prospective study. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2014;271(6):1533-40.
SCHOFIELD PW, MOORE TM, GARDNER A. Traumatic brain injury and olfaction: a systematic review. Front Neurol. 2014;5(número):5.
GIL-CARCEDO LM, GIL-CARCEDO E, VALLEJO VALDEZATE LA, GAYOSO RODRÍGUEZ MJ. Anatomofisiología y trastornos de la olfacción. In: Tratado de otorrinolaringología y cirugía de cabeza y cuello. Madrid: Médica Panamericana; 2007. p. 517-50.
YOUSEM D, GECKLE R, BILKER V. Posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction: MR and clinical evaluation. Am J Neuroradiol. 1996;6(número):1171-9.
ANIL K. LALWANI. Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. In: Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. 3rd ed. Lange.
LAWRENCE R. LUSTING, JOSHUA S. SCHINDLER. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment. In: Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment. 52nd ed. McGraw-Hill;falta mencionar año y páginas.
VARNEY N. Prognostic significance of anosmia in patients with closed-head trauma. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1988;2(número):250-1.
BUSTAMANTE J. El olfato y el gusto. In: falta mencionar el editor de libro. Neuroanatomía funcional y clínica. 4th ed. Celsus; 2007. p. 413-5.
WAXMAN S. Sistema límbico. In: Neuroanatomía Clínica. 26th ed. México: Lange; 2010. p. 229-39.
KRISTMAN VL, BORG J, GODBOLT AK, SALMI LR, CANCELLIERE C, CARROLL LJ, ET AL. Methodological issues and research recommendations for prognosis after mild traumatic brain injury: results of the International Collaboration on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Prognosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Mar;95(3 Suppl):S265-277.
REIS C, WANG Y, AKYOL O, HO WM, II RA, STIER G, ET AL. What's New in Traumatic Brain Injury: Update on Tracking, Monitoring and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(6):11903-65.
Navarro Restrepo CE, Scholtz Gonzalez H. Neurocirugia para medicos generales. Volumen. Edición. Medellín: Editorial Universidad de Antioquia; 2006.
WILLIAMS OH, TALLANTYRE EC, ROBERTSON NP. Traumatic brain injury: pathophysiology, clinical outcome and treatment. J Neurol. 2015 May;262(5):1394-6.
FAUL M, XU L, WALD M, CORONADO VIG. Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States. Emergency Departament Visits, Hospitalizations and Deaths 2002-2006. [Internet]. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2010 [cited 2014 May 10]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/pdf/blue_book.pdf.
GUZMÁN F. Fisiopatología del trauma craneoencefálico. Colombia Médica. 2008;39(3):78-84.
SCHOLTZ GONZÁLEZ H. Trauma encefalocraneano. In: editor literario del libro. Neurocirugía para médicos generales. Edición. Medellín: Universidad de Antioquía; 2006. p. 206-61.
ELDER GA, GAMA SOSA MA, DE GASPERI R, STONE JR, DICKSTEIN DL, HAGHIGHI F, ET AL. Vascular and inflammatory factors in the pathophysiology of blast-induced brain injury. Front Neurol. 2015;6(número):48.
GYONEVA S, RANSOHOFF RM. Inflammatory reaction after traumatic brain injury: therapeutic potential of targeting cell-cell communication by chemokines. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2015;36(7):471-80.
STEPHENS JR, HOLMES S, EVANS BT. Applied anatomy of the anterior cranial fossa: what can fracture patterns tell us?. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016 ;45(3):275-8.
BURSTEIN F, COHEN S, HUDGINS R, BOYDSTON W. Frontal basilar trauma: classification and treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;99(5):1314-1321-1323.
PATEL RM, PINTO JM. Olfaction: anatomy, physiology, and disease. Clin Anat N Y N. 2014;27(1):54-60.
HAVLICEK J, ROBERTS SC. MHC-correlated mate choice in humans: a review. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34(4):497-512.
WYART C, WEBSTER WW, CHEN JH, WILSON SR, MCCLARY A, KHAN RM, ET AL. Smelling a Single Component of Male Sweat Alters Levels of Cortisol in Women. J Neurosci. 20077;27(6):1261-5.
JACOB S, GARCÍA S, HAYREH D, MCCLINTOCK MK. Psychological effects of musky compounds: Comparison of androstadienone with androstenol and muscone. Horm Behav. 2002;42(número):274-83.
DOUCET S, SOUSSIGNAN R, SAGOT P, SCHAAL B. The Secretion of Areolar (Montgomery's) Glands from Lactating Women Elicits Selective, Unconditional Responses in Neonates. Hausberger M, editor. PLoS ONE. 2009;t 23;4(10):e7579.
MENELLA JA, JAGNOW CP, BEAUCHAMP GK. Prenatal and Postnatal Flavor Learning by Human Infants. Pediatrics. 2001;107(6):E 88.
WELGE-LUSSEN A. Ageing, neurodegeneration, and olfactory and gustatory loss. B-ENT. 2009;5(13):129-32.
MURPHY C. Prevalence of Olfactory Impairment in Older Adults. JAMA. 2002 Nov 13;288(18):2307.
NEUMANN D, ZUPAN B, BABBAGE DR, RADNOVICH AJ, TOMITA M, HAMMOND F, ET AL. Affect recognition, empathy, and dysosmia after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(8):1414-20.
CALLAHAN CD, HINKEBEIN J. Neuropsychological significance of anosmia following traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1999;14(6):581-7.
SIGURDARDOTTIR S, ANDELIC N, SKANDSEN T, ANKE A, ROE C, HOLTHE OO, ET AL. Olfactory Identification and Its Relationship to Executive Functions, Memory, and Disability 1 Year After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuropsychology. 2015, 15; falta volumen(número):páginas.
CALLAHAN CD, HINKEBEIN JH. Assessment of anosmia after traumatic brain injury: performance characteristics of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2002, 17(3):251-6.
NEULAND C, BITTER T, MARSCHNER H, GUDZIOL H, GUNTINAS-LICHIUS O. Health-related and specific olfaction-related quality of life in patients with chronic functional anosmia or severe hyposmia. The Laryngoscope. 2011;121(4):867-72.
GOPINATH B, ANSTEY KJ, SUE CM, KIFLEY A, MITCHELL P. Olfactory impairment in older adults is associated with depressive symptoms and poorer quality of life scores. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Off J Am Assoc Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011;19(9):830-4.
WEDDELL RA, LEGGETT JA. Factors triggering relatives' judgements of personality change after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2006 ;20(12):1221-34.
DE GUISE E, ALTURKI AY, LAGUË-BEAUVAIS M, LEBLANC J, CHAMPOUX MC, COUTURIER C, ET AL. Olfactory and executive dysfunctions following orbito-basal lesions in traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2015;29(6):730-8.
ROBERTS MA, SIMCOX AF. Assessing olfaction following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Appl Neuropsychol. 1996;3(2):86-8.
HUMMEL T, NORDIN S. Olfactory disorders and their consequences for quality of life. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh). 2005;125(2):116-21.
KATOTOMICHELAKIS M, SIMOPOULOS E, TRIPSIANIS G, PROKOPAKIS E, DANIELIDES G, VELEGRAKIS SG, ET AL. Improvement of olfactory function for quality of life recovery. The Laryngoscope. 2013;123(11):E10-16.
SHU CH, LEE PO, LAN MY, LEE YL. Factors affecting the impact of olfactory loss on the quality of life and emotional coping ability. Rhinology. 2011 ;49(3):337-41.
BLOMQVIST EH, BRÄMERSON A, STJÄRNE P, NORDIN S. Consequences of olfactory loss and adopted coping strategies. Rhinology. 2004;42(4):189-94.
REMOR E. El psicólogo en el ámbito hospitalario [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2015 Aug 9]. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=854828.
CÁCERES DE, MONTOYA Z, RUIZ AM. Intervención psicosocial para el incremento de la calidad de vida en pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico moderado a severo. Rev Colomb Psicol. 2003;12:60-72.
FISCHER ME, CRUICKSHANKS KJ, KLEIN BEK, KLEIN R, SCHUBERT CR, WILEY TL. Multiple sensory impairment and quality of life. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2009 ;16(6):346-53.
KERN DW, WROBLEWSKI KE, SCHUMM LP, PINTO JM, MCCLINTOCK MK. Field Survey Measures of Olfaction: The Olfactory Function Field Exam (OFFE). Field Methods. 2014;26(4):421-34.
SIMOPOULOS E, KATOTOMICHELAKIS M, GOUVERIS H, TRIPSIANIS G, LIVADITIS M, DANIELIDES V. Olfaction-associated quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis: adaptation and validation of an olfaction-specific questionnaire. The Laryngoscope. 2012;122(7):1450-4.
DOTY R. Olfaction. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001; volumen (número):423-52.
JOINER AM, GREEN WW, MCINTYRE JC, ALLEN BL, SCHWOB JE, MARTENS JR. Primary Cilia on Horizontal Basal Cells Regulate Regeneration of the Olfactory Epithelium. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci. 2015;35(40):13761-72.
BERNINGER B, JESSBERGER S. Engineering of Adult Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2016;8(5):páginas.
OAKLEY B, RIDDLE DR. Receptor cell regeneration and connectivity in olfaction and taste. Exp Neurol. 1992;115(1):50-4.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
