Resumen
OBJETIVO:Medir el número promedio de años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD) con que contribuye cada paciente y cada subgrupo etiológico a la carga de enfermedad del ataque cerebrovascular isquémico (ACV) agudo al egreso hospitalario como indicador normativo de resultado de la calidad del cuidado clínico sin terapia de reperfusión.
CONTEXTO Y TIPO DE ESTUDIO:Estudio descriptivo de cohorte única retrospectiva de pacientes mayores de 18 años de edad con diagnóstico de ACV isquémico agudo que recibieron cuidado clínico sin terapia de reperfusión en el Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana, Bogotá, durante el periodo comprendido entre mayo de 2010 y junio de 2011.
MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS:Se incluyeron 39 pacientes con ACV isquémico agudo, mediante los criterios establecidos por el Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. La medición de la discapacidad residual al egreso se realizó mediante la escala modificada de Rankin (mRS) y se estimaron los AVAD individuales de cada paciente. Se emplearon estadísticos de resumen en relación con el tipo de variable y análisis realizados. Todas las comparaciones fueron de carácter exploratorio.
RESULTADOS:El subtipo aterotrombótico fue el de mayor frecuencia, seguido por el subtipo lacunar. La mayor frecuencia fue en hombres, con una relación 3,9:1. Todos los supervivientes al egreso tuvieron algún grado de discapacidad funcional (mRS 1 a 5), con una distribución unimodal de discapacidad moderadamente severa (mRS 4) en 16 pacientes (41 %). La letalidad intrahospitalaria del ACV isquémico agudo (mRS 6) fue 15,4 %, en total 35 pacientes, equivalente a 10 años de vida perdidos por muerte prematura, en promedio 5,85 años perdidos por cada muerte prematura durante el evento agudo. Al egreso hospitalario la medición del total de AVAD aportados por los pacientes con evento agudo de ACV isquémico fue 316,9 años, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los subtipos de isquemia. En promedio, cada paciente aportó 8,12 AVAD a la carga de ACV isquémico agudo.
CONCLUSIÓN:Al egreso hospitalario, el impacto del cuidado médico de un primer evento de ACV isquémico sobre la carga de enfermedad mostró para cada paciente en promedio 8,12 AVAD perdidos, medición que duplica el promedio de 3,99 de AVAD perdidos por paciente considerado estándar de calidad para propósitos comparativos del presente estudio.
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