Resumen
La distonía es un movimiento involuntario caracterizado por una postura anormal de una o varias partes del cuerpo. Esta revisión aporta la última información respecto a la clasificación y métodos diagnósticos necesarios para acercarnos a la comprensión de este fenómeno.
Citas
Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman S, DeLong M, Fahn S, Fung V, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord. 2013;28(7):863-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.25475
Nutt JG, Muenter MD, Aronson A, Kurland LT, Melton LJ. Epidemiology of focal and generalized dystonia in Rochester, Minnesota. Mov Disord. 1988;3(3):188-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.870030302
Giron LT, Koller WC, Tanner CM. Epidemiology of dystonic disorders. En: Tsui JKC, Calne DB. (Eds.). Handbook of dystonia. Marcel Dekker, New York 1995;103-14.
Phukan J, Albanese A, Gasser T, Warner T. Primary dystonia and dystonia-plus syndromes: clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and pathogenesis. Lancet Neurol. 2011; 10(12):1074-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70232-0
Steeves T, Day L, Dykerman J, et al. The prevalence of primary Dystonia: A systematic review and Meta-analisis. Mov Disord. 2012;27(14):1789-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.25244
Solano JM, Isaza SP, Rendon A, Buritica O. Prevalence of Dystonia in Antioquia, Colombia. Neuroepidemiology. 2016;46(2):137-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443834
Giménes Roldan S. Distonia de torsión primaria. En: Trastornos del Movimiento 2a. Edición. Vol. II 2008:911-941.
Nijmeijer S, Koelman J, Kamphuis DJ, Tijssen MA. Muscle selection for treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin - A systematic review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18(6):731-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.04.005
Fahn S. Clinical variants of idiopathic torsión dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1989;(supp 1):96-100.
Fahn S. The varied clinical expressions of dystonia. Neurol Clin. 1984;2(3):541-54.
Fish DR, Sawyers D, Allen PJ et al. The effect of sleep on the dyskinetic movement of Parkinsons disease, and torsión dystonia. Arch Neurol. 1991;48(2):210-14.
Lim EC, Seet RC, Wilder-Smith EP, Ong BK. Dystonia gravidarium: A new entity?. Mov Disord. 2006;21(1):69-70.
Kutvonen O, Dastidar P, Nurmikko T. Pain in spamodic torticollis. Pain. 1997;69:279-286.
Blunt SB, Fuller G, Kennard C, Brooks D. Orolingual dystonia with tip of the tongue geste. Mov Disord. 1994;9(14):466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.870090417
Muller J, Wissel T, Masuhr F, Ebersbach G, Wenning GK, Poewe W. Clinical characteristics of the geste antagoniste in cervical dystonia. J Neurol. 2001;248(6):478-82.
Lou JS, Jankovic J. Essential Tremor: Clinical correlates in 350 patients. Neurology. 1991;41:234-38.
Stone LA, Jankovic J. The coexistence of tics and dystonia. Arch Neurol. 1991;48(8):862-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1991.00530200104028
Dalvi A, Ford B, Fahn S, Dystonic storms. Mov Disord. 1998;13:611-612.
Ashour R, Jankovic J. Joint and skeletal deformities in Parkinson s disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Mov Disord. 2006;21(11):1856-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.21058
Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman S, DeLong M, Herz E, Fahn S, Fung V, et al. Phenomenology and Classification of Dystonia: A Consensus Update. Mov Disord.2013;26(7):863-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.25475
Greene PE, Kang UJ, Fahn S. Spread of symptoms in idiophatic torsión dystonia. Mov Disord. 1995;10(2):143-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.870100204
Albanese A, Barnes M, Bhatia K, Fernandez-Alvarez E, Filippini G, Gasser T, et al. A sistematic review on the diagnosis and treatment of primary (idiopathic) dystonia and dystonia plus síndromes: report of an EFNS/MDS-ES Task Force. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13(5):433-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01537.x
Munchau A, Filipovic SR, Oester-Barkey A, et al. Spontaneously changing muscular activation pattern in patient with cervical dystonia. Mov Disord. 2001;16:1091-97.

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.