Resumen
INTRODUCCIÓN: la epilepsia es una entidad común en el mundo. El 80% se controla con medicación, pero el 20 a 40% de los casos, corresponde a epilepsia fármaco resistente. El 40% de estos casos, tienen origen en el lóbulo temporal y 20% en el lóbulo frontal. La etiología más frecuente en lóbulo temporal, de epilepsia fármaco resistente, es la esclerosis mesial temporal y la cirugía es una alternativa de tratamiento.
OBJETIVO: describir las características clínicas y cambios en las pruebas neuropsicológicas previas y posteriores a la intervención quirúrgica de epilepsia fármaco resistente.
MATERIALES y MÉTODOS: estudio de tipo descriptivo en una serie de 38 pacientes con dos evaluaciones neu-ropsicológicas y clínicas (previas y posteriores), a la intervención quirúrgica.
RESULTADOS: el 73.7% (28/38) tuvo diagnóstico de esclerosis mesial temporal definida y 13.2% signos de esclerosis mesial temporal, ambos por reporte de resonancia magnética. La zona epileptogénica más común fue temporal (97.3%), ubicándose en el 37.8% al lado derecho, 32.4% bitemporal y 29.7% al lado izquierdo. Se observó un mantenimiento de la función cognitiva antes y después de la intervención quirúrgica.
CONCLUSIÓN: la cirugía de epilepsia fármaco resistente constituye en sí una técnica de neuro rehabilitación, que reseca puntualmente el déficit estructural o funcional cerebral y otorga una respuesta eficaz a síndromes epilépticos remediables, en la cual la preservación de las funciones cognitivas deben ser meta y resultado.
Citas
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