Resumen
El dolor neuropático es un dolor crónico, patológico, que se produce como consecuencia directa de una lesión o enfermedad que afecta al sistema somatosensorial. Se presenta en cerca del 1.5% de la población mundial y su manejo terapéutico es muy limitado. Hay importantes diferencias entre las fibras nerviosas periféricas y las del sistema nervioso central por lo que sus manifestaciones clínicas y la respuesta a la terapia pueden ser diferentes. Las lesiones de los axones de los nervios periféricos ocasionan degeneración walleriana o, en otros casos, degeneración retrógrada, tipo “dying-back”. Los principales mecanismos fisiopatológicos implicados en la génesis del dolor neuropático son cambios plásticos funcionales en el sistema nociceptivo, modificaciones en la expresión de los canales voltaje dependientes y respuestas neuroinflamatorias mediadas por el sistema inmune. Todavía se requiere mayor investigación que permita brindar una mejor calidad de vida a los pacientes que padecen este agobiante dolor.
Citas
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